LITHIUM MARKET

LITHIUM MARKET

EV MARKET

ESG

LITHIUM PRICES ARE SURGING

Low-cost sedimentary extraction to take advantage

Industry leading sedimentary Lithium peer advantages

  • Shallow, low-cost mining
  • Minimal requirement for crushing / grinding
  • Scale to support long mine life
  • Lithium mineralisation hosted by sediments deposited in a N-S oriented basin.
  • Lithium mineralised sediments, up to 50m in thickness are covered by a thin veneer of transported colluvium (5-10m thick).

Lithium Deposit Types

Estimated Cost (Li2CO3)

Mine Product

Mine Product

Production Steps

SEDIMENTARY

~ $4,000/t Lithium Carbonate /Hydroxide 1,000-3,000 ppm Li Mining, Leaching, Evaporation & Crystallization

BRINE

$2,500 – $4,000/t Lithium Carbonate (Li2CO3) 500-1,000 ppm Li Pumping of Brine Evaporation & Crystallization

HARDROCK

$6,000/t Spodumene Concentrate (6% Li2O) 4,500-7,000 ppm Li Mining Crushing & Grinding Roasting Acidification

Lithium Deposit Types

Estimated Cost (Li2CO3)

SEDIMENTARY

~ $4,000/t

BRINE

$2,500 – $4,000/t

HARDROCK

$6,000/t

Mine Product

Mine Product

Production Steps

Lithium Carbonate /Hydroxide 1,000-3,000 ppm Li Mining, Leaching, Evaporation & Crystallization
Lithium Carbonate (Li2CO3) 500-1,000 ppm Li Pumping of Brine Evaporation & Crystallization
Spodumene Concentrate (6% Li2O) 4,500-7,000 ppm Li Mining Crushing & Grinding Roasting Acidification

“LITHIUM MARKET NOW IN PERPETUAL DEFICIT” – MACQUARIE, 2021

  • Incorporating the demand from Electric Vehicles and Energy Storage Systems, Macquarie analysts believe that the additional demand will more than offset additional supply from new entrants
  • Lithium deficit falls in 2024, as new projects come online, but without further investment will expand again in 2027
  • Higher lithium prices from a market deficit would counteract the cost reductions in battery packs
  • Additional supply is required to balance the market

THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET

Rapidly growing demand driven by the energy transition

+500

EV MODELS GLOBALLY BY 2022

Automakers are accelerating their EV launch plans, partly to comply with increasingly stringent regulations in Europe & China.

“We will not stop until every car on the road is electric”

Elon Musk, Tesla CEO